Von Bertalanffy growth curves of Pagrus pagrus for the southwestern Atlantic (left) and the northern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (right) for which age determinations on scales or otoliths was validated. For consistent comparisons, lengths-at-age were standardized to total length, measured from the snout to the tip of the upper limb of the tail in the normal position, as used in this study. A factor of 0.97 was applied to the length measured from the snout to the extended caudal fin and a factor of 1.19 to convert fork lengths.