A) Suitable habitats after adding MPA data (in blue; UNEP-WCMC & IUCN, 2022), shipping route density within the Atlantic Area (EMODnet Human Activities, 2022) and excluding sites with <20m depth. The areas of highest suitability are shown to be in more southern latitudes. B) Spain, Portugal and western France, including harbour size and location data. C) Northern France, Ireland and the UK, including harbour data.