Environmental amelioration in biofloc based rearing system of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in West Bengal, India

Special Issue - Ecological intensification: A new paragon for sustainable aquaculture

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Table 6

Physico-chemical, biological and microbial parameters of water and soil in different pond treatments (mean ± standard error; n = 3).

Parameters	Treatments

Water quality	B	NB	F	C
Temperature (°C)	35.50 ± 1.50	35.50 ± 1.50	35.50 ± 1.50	35.50 ± 1.50
pH in water	7.88–8.45	7.53–8.32	7.51–8.42	7.56–8.42
TDS (mg l⁻¹)	140.83 ± 15.02^b	134.17 ± 12.44^b	111.25 ± 8.73^a	110.83 ± 8.86^a
DO (mg l⁻¹)	10.26 ± 0.60^d	9.50 ± 0.38^c	9.16 ± 0.36^b	8.73 ± 0.25^a
BOD₁ (mg l⁻¹)	4.81 ± 0.17^a	4.70 ± 0.16^a	4.99 ± 0.07^b	4.92 ± 0.06^b
Alkalinity (mg l⁻¹)	202.96 ± 10.01^c	108.13 ± 5.24^a	161.58 ± 3.15^b	157.92 ± 2.87^b
Hardness (mg l⁻¹)	550.83 ± 15.63^c	497.42 ± 11.52^a	528.75 ± 6.00^b	521.08 ± 8.21^b
Ortho-P (mg l⁻¹)	0.087 ± 0.00^c	0.078 ± 0.00^b	0.075 ± 0.00^b	0.068 ± 0.00^a
NH₃-N (mg l⁻¹)	0.368 ± 0.02^b	0.446 ± 0.03^d	0.392 ± 0.01^c	0.346 ± 0.00^a
NO₂-N (mg l⁻¹)	0.004 ± 0.00^a	0.003 ± 0.00^a	0.006 ± 0.00^c	0.004 ± 0.00^b
NO₃-N (mg l⁻¹)	0.35 ± 0.04^c	0.45 ± 0.05^d	0.25 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.01^a
TAN (mg l⁻¹)	0.72 ± 0.05^c	0.90 ± 0.07^d	0.65 ± 0.03^b	0.53 ± 0.00^a
TAN:P ratio	8.25 ± 0.30^b	11.53 ± 0.70^c	8.67 ± 0.21^b	7.87 ± 0.19^a
Total phytoplankton (nos. × 1000 l⁻¹)	9.07 ± 0.18^a	7.35 ± 0.22^b	6.42 ± 0.27^c	4.39 ± 0.17^d
Total zooplankton (nos. × 1000 l⁻¹)	2.52 ± 0.14^a	2.13 ± 0.18^b	1.86 ± 0.15^c	1.41 ± 0.16^d
Soil quality
Soil pH	7.81–8.42	7.71–8.41	7.71–8.41	7.81–8.39
SOC (mg g⁻¹)	2.39 ± 0.32^c	2.20 ± 0.26^b	2.08 ± 0.29^b	1.53 ± 0.18^a
SAP (mg kg⁻¹)	59.07 ± 5.15^c	54.82 ± 4.97^b	50.63 ± 4.54^b	40.34 ± 1.60^a
SAN (mg kg⁻¹)	590.02 ± 44.52^c	664.69 ± 51.46^d	555.80 ± 40.33^b	423.58 ± 18.46^a
N: P ratio	10.15 ± 0.33^a	12.32 ± 0.45^d	11.25 ± 0.58^c	10.53 ± 0.24^b

^{a, b, c, d} Means superscripted with different letters in rows are significantly different (P < 0.05).

The statistical analysis was done separately for water and soil.

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