Spatio-temporal variation of water quality variables and hydrography in a seabream cage culture farm off the coast of Oman

Special Issue - Ecological intensification: A new paragon for sustainable aquaculture

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Table 1

Summary of the environmental variables measured at the four sampling stations, (R1: Reference site 1; CS1: Cage site 1; CS2: Cage site 2; R2: Reference site 2) Values are mean ± SE and range.

Variables	R		CS1		CS2		R2
Variables	Mean ± SE^*	Range	Mean ± SE	Range	Mean ± SE	Range	Mean ± SE	Range
Temperature (°C)	24.85 ± 0.07	21.69–31.92	24.93 ± 0.07	21.56–31.98	24.83 ± 0.07	21.46–32.11	24.71 ± 0.07	21.40–32.21
Salinity	36.39 ± 0.01	35.92−36.92	36.39 ± 0.01	35.92–36.91	36.38 ± 0.01	35.94–36.89	36.34 ± 0.01	35.92–36.78
Dissolved Oxygen (mg L⁻¹)	5.07 ± 0.06	1.83–8.95	5.09 ± 0.06	1.52–8.75	5.22 ± 0.05	1.70–8.93	4.98 ± 0.06	1.94–8.88
pH	8.27 ± 0.01	7.82–8.98	8.28 ± 0.01	7.77–9.01	8.27 ± 0.01	7.83–9.02	8.25 ± 0.01	7.82–9.05
Chlorophyll-a (μg L⁻¹)	1.73 ± 0.05	0.06–13.78	1.92 ± 0.07	0.13–13.94	1.77 ± 0.05	0.08–11.41	1.67 ± 0.05	0.04–13.50
Turbidity (FTU)	3.32 ± 0.06	1.14–7.52	3.25 ± 0.06	1.10–7.63	3.21 ± 0.06	0.90–7.43	3.40 ± 0.07	0.69–7.47
(mg L⁻¹)	4.89 ± 0.32	2.90–7.20	4.73 ± 0.20	3.60–6.00	4.84 ± 0.14	3.30–6.50	4.71 ± 0.27	3.30–6.30
(mg L⁻¹)	0.012 ± 0.002	0.001–0.036	0.015 ± 0.003	0.005–0.039	0.016 ± 0.002	0.005–0.033	0.012 ± 0.002	0.003–0.030
PO₄-P (mg L⁻¹)	0.34 ± 0.09	0.03–1.22	0.36 ± 0.13	0.02–1.72	0.21 ± 0.05	0.02–0.79	0.22 ± 0.04	0.02–0.48

^*SE: Standard Error.

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