Co-culture of Ulva sp. and Dicentrarchus labrax in Recirculating Aquaculture System: effects on growth, retention of nutrients and fatty acid profile

Special Issue - Ecological intensification: A new paragon for sustainable aquaculture

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Table 6

Proximate composition (% w.w.), gross energy (kJ g⁻¹), N, P (% w.w.) and N/P of sea bass at the beginning (initial) and after 12 weeks of rearing (final) in CF (fish group in control-RAS) and UF (fish group in Ulva-RAS).

	VO-diet	Initial fish	Final fish

			CF (n = 3)	UF (n = 3)	p
Water	7.05 ± 0.14	69.19 ± 0.16	67.32 ± 0.46	65.02 ± 0.71	^*
Ash	8.48 ± 0.06	3.90 ± 0.17	3.33 ± 0.20	4.31 ± 0.20	^**
Crude lipid	19.62 ± 0.11	10.80 + 0.11	12.51 ± 0.24	14.89 ± 0.58	^***
Crude protein	42.73 ± 0.09	16.23 ± 0.13	15.93 ± 0.17	16.95 ± 0.20	^***
Carbohydrate†	22.12 ± 0.13
Gross energy	21.75 ± 0.24	8.12 ± 0.03	8.72 ± 0.082	9.86 ± 0.28	^*
N	6.84 ± 0.02	2.60 ± 0.02	2.55 ± 0.027	2.71 ± 0.03	^*
P	1.20 ± 0.02	0.42 + 0.00	0.43 ± 0.025	0.48 ± 0.01	^**
N/P	5.70 ± 0.02	6.19 ± 0.06	5.93 ± 0.367	5.65 ± 0.12	NS

Means (±SE) and p values for the significance of differences between control-RAS and Ulva-RAS fish groups, are presented.

Mean values at the same line with different letter in superscript are significantly different.

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, NS: non-significant. † total carbohydrate.

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