Co-culture of Ulva sp. and Dicentrarchus labrax in Recirculating Aquaculture System: effects on growth, retention of nutrients and fatty acid profile

Special Issue - Ecological intensification: A new paragon for sustainable aquaculture

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Table 4

Growth performance of sea bass reared in RAS with (UF) or without Ulva (CF) during different time periods of the experiment (n=3).

Fish farming duration (weeks)		1–4	5–8	9–12	1–12
SGR (% day⁻¹)	CF	0.78 ± 0.01	1.31 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.062	1.02 ± 0.02
	UF	0.84 ± 0.03	1.32 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.02	1.03 ± 0.01
	p	NS	NS	NS	NS
BWI (%)	CF	24.22 ± 0.31	44.36 ± 0.32	31.32 ± 2.27	135.50 ± 4.51
	UF	26.63 ± 1.02	44.85 ± 1.22	29.51 ± 0.56	137.52 ± 1.49
	p	NS	NS	NS	NS
TGC	CF	4.38 ± 0.04	9.79 ± 0.07	10.67 ± 0.81	8.25 ± 0.28
	UF	4.85 ± 0.19	10.19 ± 0.19	10.31 ± 0.22	8.43 ± 0.10
	p	NS	NS	NS	NS
Feed intake (g fish⁻¹ day⁻¹)	CF	10.23 ± 0.03	19.52 ± 0.14^a	21.25 ± 0.30	51.01 ± 0.19^a
	UF	10.31 ± 0.02	20.93 ± 0.27^b	22.19 ± 0.26	53.43 ± 0.19^b
	p	NS	^**	NS	^***
FCR	CF	1.19 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.01	1.07 ± 0.06	1.06 ± 0.03
	UF	1.10 ± 0.04	1.05 ± 0.03	1.16 ± 0.03	1.10 ± 0.02
	p	NS	NS	NS	NS
Fish density (kg m⁻³)	CF	12.10 ± 0.04	15.03 ± 0.02	21.40 ± 0.44	27.12 ± 0.97
	UF	12.00 ± 0.06	15.20 ± 0.28	21.72 ± 0.34	27.37 ± 0.73
	p	NS	NS	NS	NS

SGR: Specific growth rate, BWI: Body weight index, TGC: Thermal growth coefficient, FCR: Feed conversion ratio, NS: non-significant.

Mean values at the same column with different letter in superscript are significantly different.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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