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All issues Volume 33 (2020) Aquat. Living Resour., 33 (2020) 19 Full HTML

Table 1

Mean values (±SE) of temperature (°C), salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide from daily measurements during the 12-week trial, as well as mean values (mg L−1) of total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphates and total phosphorus for samples collected twice per week.

  CW CF UW UF p
T 23.24 ± 0.10 23.21 ± 0.08 22.97 ± 0.10 22.85 ± 0.08 NS
S 34.31 ± 0.10 34.28 ± 0.10 34.11 ± 0.19 34.11 ± 0.12 NS
pH 6.77 ± 0.02b 6.69 ± 0.02a 7.02 ± 0.03c 6.98 ± 0.02c ***
O2 6.41 ± 0.03c 5.77 ± 0.03a 6.49 ± 0.04d 5.94 ± 0.03b ***
CO2 23.87 ± 3.03b 28.72 ± 3.27b 13.78 ± 1.71a 14.86 ± 1.58a **
Ν-ΝΟ2 2− 0.02 ± 0.00a 0.04 ± 0.01b 0.06 ± 0.01c 0.08 ± 0.01d ***
TAN 0.37 ± 0.05a 0.70 ± 0.06b 0.40 ± 0.06a 0.73 ± 0.07b ***
Ν-ΝΟ3 1− 0.64 ± 0.02 0.62 ± 0.01 0.64 ± 0.02 0.65 ± 0.01 NS
4.82 ± 0.07 4.84 ± 0.08 4.72 ± 0.54 4.77 ± 0.15 NS
Total P 4.88 ± 0.10 4.94 ± 0.09 4.74 ± 0.15 4.81 ± 0.14 NS

CW: water tanks in control-RAS, CF: fish tanks in control-RAS, CW: Ulva tanks in Ulva-RAS and UF: fish tanks in Ulva-RAS, T: temperature, S: salinity, O2 dissolved oxygen, CO2: Carbon dioxide (n = 60), TAN: total ammonia, : nitrite, : nitrate. : orthophosphates, P: total phosphorus (n = 24), NS: non-significant.

Mean values at the same line with different letter in superscript are significantly different.

* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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