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Table 2

Error matrix of the comparison between the maximum likelihood decision rule (MLC) image classification and ground truth surveys. The numbers in bold indicate the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient (Kappa). See Fig. 1 for the abbreviation of locations.

    1988 1990 1994 1996 1997 1998 2000 2004 2007 2011 2014 2017 2018 2019
TL OA (%) 95 86.4 88.2 92 88.6 86.7 86.1 86.9 89.7 86 89.8 87.9 87 85.5
Kappa 0.92 0.82 0.82 0.89 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.86 0.8 0.86 0.83 0.83 0.8
XT OA (%) 92.8 87.8 93.3 91 89.6 87.8 89.9 91 94 88.1 91 87.2 91 87.8
Kappa 0.89 0.82 0.9 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.85 0.87 0.91 82 0.86 0.8 0.87 0.82
MG OA (%) 90.9 87.9 92.4 84.9 90.3 85.1 84.9 91.2 88.3 88.3 83.1 85.9 82.2 88.4
Kappa 0.86 0.81 0.88 0.76 0.85 0.77 0.77 0.85 0.81 0.81 0.73 0.78 0.72 0.81

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