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1. Produce sufficient oysters for restoration of oyster reefs
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Support existing hatcheries |
(Vercaemer et al., 2004; Pogoda, 2019; Colsoul et al., 2019) |
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Support spatting ponds |
(Culloty et al., 2004; Ashton and Brown, 2009; Syvret and Woolmer, 2015; Colsoul et al., 2019) |
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Support spat collector techniques |
(Kamermans et al., 2004; Bataller et al., 2006; Lok and Acarli, 2006; Burke et al., 2008; van den Brink, 2012; Rodriguez-Perez et al., 2019; Colsoul et al., 2019) |
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Establish broodstock sanctuaries |
(Brumbaugh et al., 2006; Colsoul et al., 2019) |
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2. Identify and create suitable sites for restoration of oyster reefs / Site selection
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Reintroduction sites |
(Clewell et al., 2000; Laing, 2005; Laing et al., 2005; Ashton and Brown, 2009; Shelmerdine and Leslie, 2009; Woolmer et al., 2011; Keenelyside et al., 2012; Gravestock et al., 2014; Fariñas-Franco et al., 2018; Pogoda, 2019) |
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Reinforcement sites |
(Kennedy and Roberts, 1999; Laing, 2005; Laing et al., 2005; Roberts et al., 2005; Kennedy and Roberts, 2006; Woolmer et al., 2011; Gravestock et al., 2014; Helmer et al., 2019) |
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Conservation sites |
(University Marine Biological Station Millport, 2007) |
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3. Provide suitable substrate for successful recruitment
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Extraction of shells from the marine environment for other usages should be stopped |
(Laing, 2005; Laing et al., 2005; Airoldi and Beck, 2007) |
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Addition of suitable substrate to ease recruitment of larvae |
(University Marine Biological Station Millport, 2007)
Artificial Reefs: (Baine, 2001; Brumbaugh et al., 2006; Ashton and Brown, 2009) |
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4. Respect Bonamia-free areas
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Research should be encouraged to better understand the Bonamia parasite and infections |
(Culloty and Mulcahy, 2001; Culloty and Mulcahy, 2007; Carrasco et al., 2012) |
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Biosecurity protocols must be strictly followed |
(Laing, 2005; Laing et al., 2005; Cranford et al., 2012; Brenner et al., 2014; Syvret and Woolmer, 2015) |
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Take advantage of any disease tolerance that has developed in broodstock |
(Naciri-Graven et al., 1998; Culloty et al., 2001, 2004; Culloty and Mulcahy, 2001) |
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5. Create common monitoring protocols
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Develop and follow monitoring protocols |
(Laing, 2005; Laing et al., 2005; Brumbaugh et al., 2006) |
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Include the assessment of ecosystem services on a habitat and ecosystem scale |
(Leewis et al., 1997; Brumbaugh et al., 2006; Coen et al., 2007; Grabowski and Peterson, 2007; Ashton and Brown, 2009; Gercken and Schmidt, 2014; Christianen et al., 2018) |
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6. Preserve genetic diversity
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Preserve the extant genetic diversity of native oysters in Europe |
(Saavedra, 1997; Vercaemer et al., 2003; Laing, 2005; Laing et al., 2005; Sobolewska and Beaumont, 2005; University Marine Biological Station Millport, 2007; Ashton and Brown, 2009; Lallias et al., 2010) |
