Table 1
Summary of larval crashes experienced by European hatcheries 2019–2023. Mass (100% mortality) and high mortality events resulting in a discontinuation of the batch are grouped chronologically by hatchery. Timing of the crash is given in days since larval release. Where both rapid and gradual decline is listed, these refer to different batches within the same year of production, unless explicitly stated. Facilities: BU= Bangor University, DTU= Technical University of Denmark, HOH= Helgoland-Oyster-Hatchery- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, IEO= Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IMC= International Marine Centre, RvY= Roem van Yerseke, SORP= Solent Oyster Restoration Project Hatchery, SZ= Stichting Zeeschelp, WMR= Wageningen Marine Research.
| Facility | Location | Year | Crash symptoms | Timing (days) | Culprit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BU | Menai Bridge, UK | 2022 | High mortality, gradual decline. | 6–13 | Vibrio presence detected |
| BU | Menai Bridge, UK | 2022 | Gradual decline in survival. | 10–15 | Unknown |
| BU | Menai Bridge, UK | 2022 | Rapid decline in survival (70%−100% mortality). | >14 | Zooplankton contamination. UV failure when stocked |
| BU | Menai Bridge, UK | 2022 | Gradual decline in survival. | 10–31 | Unknown |
| DTU | The Limfjord, DK | 2023 | High mortality, gradual then rapid decline. | 5–8 | Unknown, suspected presence of predators |
| HOH | Helgoland, GER | 2021 & 2022 | Mass mortality, rapid decline. | 4–10 | Unknown, suspected poor water quality |
| IEO | Mar Menor, ESP | 2022 | Mass mortality, rapid decline. | 10–12 | Suspect contamination |
| IMC | Sardinia, IT | 2021 | Mass mortality, rapid decline. | 6–12 | Unknown, suspect predation by Polydora sp. larvae |
| IMC | Sardinia, IT | 2022 | Mass mortality, rapid decline. | 12–27 | Predation by Polydora sp. larvae |
| RvY | Yerseke, NL | 2019 | Growth stopped, overreacting velum. Mass mortality. Rapid and gradual decline. | 10–18 | Vibrio presence detected |
| RvY | Yerseke, NL | 2020 | Growth stopped, overreacting velum, high mortality (80–100%). Rapid decline. | 7 | Vibrio presence detected |
| RvY | Yerseke, NL | 2021 | Releases later in season discontinued when >50% mortality reached. Rapid decline. | 10–22 | Vibrio presence detected |
| RvY | Yerseke, NL | 2022 | Growth stopped, overreacting velum followed by high mortality (80–100%). Rapid decline. | 7 | Vibrio presence detected |
| SORP | Portsmouth, UK | 2021 | Mass mortality. Rapid decline. | 4–6 | Presence of zooplanktonic predators/competitors, unsuitable diet |
| SORP | Portsmouth, UK | 2022 | Low growth, high mortality (RAS: 100%, Rapid decline; static: 100%, gradual decline; FTS: 50%, gradual decline). | RAS: 4–6; Static: 5–8; FTS: 10–14 | Unknown − suspected water quality |
| SZ | Kamperland, NL | 2023 | Ongoing mortality in few cultures, up to 70–95%, gradual decline. | 5–14 | Contamination in algae cultures |
| SZ | Kamperland, NL | 2022 | Increasing mortality in few cultures, >90% till metamorphosis size, gradual decline. | 5–14 | Weary broodstock |
| SZ | Kamperland, NL | 2021 | 75% of the cultures showed ‘fading’ larvae, gradual then rapid decline. | 5–14 | Suspect low feed quality |
| WMR | Yerseke, NL | 2021 | Mass mortality, rapid decline. | 7 | Vibrio presence detected |
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.