Supplementation of biofloc in carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Communis) culture as a potential tool of resource management in aquaculture

Special Issue - Ecological intensification: A new paragon for sustainable aquaculture

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Table 6

Physico-chemical parameters (mean ± standard error) of water and soil in C. carpio biofloc system.

Parameters	T1E1	T2E1	T3E1	C2E1	T1E2	T2E2	T3E2	C2E2	C1
Water pH	7.24–8.24	7.29–8.21	7.41–8.22	7.78–8.27	7.31–8.14	7.28–8.15	7.28–8.16	7.51–8.15	7.47–8.15
¹TDS (mg l⁻¹)	270 ± 30.31^h	255 ± 26.79^g	171.3 ± 4.46^c	158.5 ± 17.32^b	236.5 ± 23.26^f	219.3 ± 21.92^e	160.08 ± 5.53^b	151.5 ± 17.92^a	201.1 ± 18.36^d
²DO (mgl⁻¹)	7.87 ± 0.33^a	7.95 ± 0.33^a	8.19 ± 0.23^b	8.94 ± 0.34^c	9.20 ± 0.27^d	8.39 ± 0.41^c	8.41 ± 0.32^c	7.83 ± 0.29^a	7.89 ± 0.24^a
³TA (mgl⁻¹)	129.85 ± 4.51^b	133.11 ± 4.17^c	137.52 ± 4.60^d	140.19 ± 4.78^e	122.30 ± 2.92^a	130.19 ± 5.16^b	132.00 ± 4.87^c	138.00 ± 5.30^d	130.04 ± 3.99^b
⁴TH (mgl⁻¹)	445.15 ± 32.28^d	417.63 ± 33.87^c	349.93 ± 33.49^a	409.74 ± 39.61^b	441.19 ± 29.95^d	410.59 ± 35.46^b	402.74 ± 39.92^b	409.41 ± 46.35^b	486.74 ± 40.97^e
⁵Ortho-P (mgl⁻¹)	0.081 ± 0.0^g	0.074 ± 0.0^f	0.061 ± 0.0^d	0.051 ± 0.0^a	0.073 ± 0.0^s	0.066 ± 0.0^f	0.057 ± 0.0^e	0.05 ± 0.0^a	0.058 ± 0.0^c
⁶NH₃-N (mgl⁻¹)	0.173 ± 0.03^h	0.139 ± 0.02^e	0.109 ± 0.01^c	0.086 ± 0.01^a	0.191 ± 0.03ⁱ	0.148 ± 0.02^f	0.128 ± 0.01^d	0.103 ± 0.01^b	0.168 ± 0.02^g
⁷NO₂-N (mgl⁻¹)	0.007 ± 0.0^f	0.005 ± 0.0^d	0.004 ± 0.0^c	0.002 ± 0.0^a	0.005 ± 0.0^d	0.003 ± 0^b	0.003 ± 0.0^b	0.002 ± 0.0^a	0.006 ± 0.0^e
⁸NO₃-N (mgl⁻¹)	0.304 ± 0.03^g	0.253 ± 0.03^e	0.226 ± 0.02^d	0.173 ± 0.01^a	0.339 ± 0.04^h	0.281 ± 0.04^f	0.249 ± 0.03^e	0.178 ± 0.01^b	0.199 ± 0.02^c
⁹TAN (mgl⁻¹)	0.484 ± 0.05^h	0.397 ± 0.04^f	0.340 ± 0.03^c	0.260 ± 0.01^a	0.535 ± 0.06ⁱ	0.431 ± 0.05^g	0.379 ± 0.04^e	0.283 ± 0.01^b	0.373 ± 0.04^d
¹⁰TAN:P	5.99 ± 0.54^d	5.29 ± 0.53^b	5.76 ± 0.74^c	5.20 ± 0.34^a	7.24 ± 0.64^g	6.39 ± 0.64^e	6.81 ± 0.83^f	5.86 ± 0.44^c	6.33 ± 0.59^e
¹¹Soil pH	7.33–8.43	7.10–8.37	7.03–7.67	7.13–7.53	7.27–8.20	7.10–7.97	7.20–8.00	7.13–7.63	7.17–7.63
¹²SOC (mg g⁻¹)	2.71 ± 0.38^g	2.28 ± 0.29^e	1.56 ± 0.16^c	2.17 ± 0.31^d	2.54 ± 0.34^f	2.22 ± 0.28^d	1.48 ± 0.16^b	2.17 ± 0.31^d	0.9 ± 0.03^a
¹³SAP (mg kg⁻¹)	72.76 ± 5.05^e	69.83 ± 4.79^d	61.41 ± 2.40^b	52.25 ± 0.86^a	71.66 ± 4.66^e	68.97 ± 4.53^d	59.21 ± 1.76^b	51.90 ± 0.81^a	66.76 ± 4.59^c
¹⁴SAN (mg kg⁻¹)	421.24 ± 36.31^e	365.94 ± 33.31^d	253.94 ± 16.15^c	178.58 ± 11.07^a	437.15 ± 40.92^f	375.61 ± 36.49^d	260.85 ± 14.25^c	194.62 ± 10.30^b	178.58 ± 11.07^a
¹⁵SAN:SAP	5.76 ± 0.32^h	5.19 ± 0.26^f	4.14 ± 0.22^c	3.43 ± 0.21^a	6.04 ± 0.41ⁱ	5.40 ± 0.37^g	4.49 ± 0.23^d	3.75 ± 0.18^b	4.59 ± 0.27^e

Note: Means superscripted with different letters in each row are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Abbreviation:¹TDS (mg l⁻¹),Total dissolved solids; ²DO (mg l⁻¹), Dissolved oxygen; ³TA (mg l⁻¹), Total alkalinity; ⁴TH (mg l⁻¹), Total hardness; ⁵Ortho-P (mg l⁻¹), Ortho-phosphorous; ⁶NH₃-N (mg l⁻¹), Ammonia-nitrogen; ⁷NO₂-N (mg l⁻¹), Nitrite −nitrogen; ⁸NO₃-N (mg l⁻¹), ⁹Nitrate-nitrogen, ¹⁰TAN (mg l⁻¹), Total available nitrogen; ¹¹TAN:P, ratio of Total available nitrogen and phosphorous; ¹²SOC (mg g⁻¹), Soil organic carbon; ¹³SAP (mg kg⁻¹), Soil available phosphorous; ¹¹SAN (mg kg⁻¹), Soil available nitrogen; ¹⁵SAN:SAP, Ratio of Soil available nitrogen and Soil available phosphorous.

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