Ecological intensification in multi-trophic aquaculture ponds: an experimental approach

Open Access

Table 5

Total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) contents in the sediment (mg · g⁻¹ dry sediment) of each pond at fish stocking and harvest.

	TN			TP

Pond	Stocking¹	Harvest²	Δ³	Stocking¹	Harvest²	Δ³
Extensive 1	2.67	2.88	0.21	0.47	0.53	0.06
Extensive 2	2.83	3.38	0.55	0.45	0.54	0.09
Semi-intensive 1	4.21	4.79	0.58	0.39	0.75	0.36
Semi-intensive 2	2.20	2.58	0.38	0.24	0.39	0.15
Coupled 1 fish	3.05	3.02	−0.03	0.36	0.43	0.07
Coupled 1 plant	3.65	4.38	0.73	0.37	0.60	0.23
Coupled 2 fish	2.53	2.48	−0.05	0.43	0.50	0.07
Coupled 2 plant	3.09	3.35	0.26	0.42	0.56	0.14

Values obtained from analyzing a single sample collected at a single central point at the beginning of the experiment for each pond.

Mean values from analyzing samples collected at three points (shallow end, central point and deep end) at harvest for each pond.

Δ is the change in concentration from fish stocking to harvest.

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