Invasive Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) impacts the survivability and growth of native food fishes in India

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Table 4

Mean (± SE) values of water quality parameters of 30-day samples over the 3-month indoor competition experiment (September- November, 2022).

Parameters	C₁	C₂	C₃	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄
Temperature (°C)	26.66 ± 0.26^a	26.65 ± 0.31^a	26.72 ± 0.29^a	26.81 ± 0.21^a	26.69 ± 0.23^a	26.68 ± 0.28^a	26.71 ± 0.27^a
pH	7.62 ± 0.07^a	7.73 ± 0.09^a	7.68 ± 0.05^a	7.65 ± 0.11^a	7.74 ± 0.09^a	7.78 ± 0.10^a	7.59 ± 0.08^a
DO (mg L⁻¹)	6.44 ± 0.13^a	6.39 ± 0.16^a	6.15 ± 0.20^a	6.35 ± 0.14^a	6.23 ± 0.13^a	6.38 ± 0.15^a	6.40 ± 0.11^a
Alkalinity(mg L⁻¹)	149.87 ± 1.98^a	153.76 ± 3.04^a	152.50 ± 2.96^a	150.37 ± 3.15^a	153.83 ± 2.27^a	151.75 ± 2.17^a	155.62 ± 1.74^a
Hardness(mg L⁻¹)	162.51 ± 2.44^a	165.12 ± 2.93^a	165.25 ± 1.99^a	168.62 ± 1.94^a	162.73 ± 1.67^a	166.19 ± 2.03^a	164.34 ± 2.79^a
TAN (mg L⁻¹)	0.053 ± 0.004^a	0.041 ± 0.003^a	0.046 ± 0.005^a	0.038 ± 0.004^a	0.035 ± 0.005^a	0.042 ± 0.002^a	0.041 ± 0.003^a
NO₃–N (mg L⁻¹)	0.09 ± 0.007^a	0.11 ± 0.008^a	0.10 ± 0.008^a	0.13 ± 0.005^a	0.09 ± 0.004^a	0.13 ± 0.005^a	0.10 ± 0.007^a

None of the parameter varied significantly between treatment (p > 0.05; One-way ANOVA). Abbreviations: DO, dissolved oxygen; TAN, total ammonia nitrogen; NO₃–N, nitrate–nitrogen.

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