A seasonal study on phytoplankton diversity and dynamics of Lake Chamo, Ethiopia

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Table 1

The seasonal and spatial variation of physicochemical variables in Lake Chamo during winter 2013/14 (season I), spring 2014 (season II), summer 2014 (season III), and autumn 2014 (season IV).

Site	Season	pH	Temp. (°C)	EC (μs/cm)	TA (mg/L)	Chloride (mg/L)	TH (mg/L)	Ca (mg/L)	Mg (mg/L)	Sulfate (mg/L)
1	I	9.12 ± 0.04^a	29.8 ± 0.20	1617 ± 2.00^aA	1490 ± 0.05^aA	140 ± 0.01^aA	66 ± 0.02^a	14 ± 0.04^aA	13 ± 0.01^aA	27 ± 1.25^aA
	II	9.57 ± 0.01^b	28.0 ± 0.31	1934 ± 3.12^{b A}	1696 ± 0.08^bA	117 ± 0.04^ab	50 ± 0.31^bA	22 ± 0.01^bA	7 ± 0.02^bA	25 ± 3.98^bA
	III	9.51 ± 0.03^bc	27.5 ± 0.51	1253 ± 1.24^cA	1125 ± 0.12^c	84 ± 0.03^bc	57 ± 0.11^cA	13 ± 0.06^ac	10 ± 0.02^abc	74 ± 2.45^cA
	IV	8.87 ± 0.25^d	26.7 ± 0.32	1777 ± 1.32^dA	1490 ± 0.31^ad	109.8 ± 0.05^bd	48 ± 0.23^bdA	16 ± 0.04^adA	7.8 ± 0.05^bcd	48 ± 1.65^dA
2	I	9.43 ± 0.83	29.4 ± 0.22	1600 ± 2.80^aB	1470 ± 0.22^aB	140 ± 0.09^aB	58 ± 0.32^a	14.4 ± 0.03^aB	11 ± 0.02^A	40 ± 1.36^aB
	II	9.72 ± 0.01	27.6 ± 0.40	1921 ± 1.87^bAB	1486 ± 0.09^bB	143 ± 003^ab	45 ± 0.05^bB	18 ± 0.05^bB	6.5 ± 0.04^AB	51 ± 1.88^bB
	III	9.78 ± 0.10	26.0 ± 0.12	1824 ± 2.22^cB	1725 ± 0.14^c	124 ± 0.01^bc	58 ± 0.04^acAB	11 ± 0.07^c	11 ± 0.01	84 ± 2.33^cB
	IV	9.07 ± 0.03	26.2 ± 0.08	1751 ± 1.53^dB	1470 ± 0.26^d	121.8 ± 0.06^bcd	44 ± 0.00^bdAB	10 ± 0.02^cdB	8.3 ± 0.06	42 ± 1.61^adB
3	I	9.41 ± 0.30	29.9 ± 0.12	1606 ± 1.21^aAB	1530 ± 0.09^aC	120 ± 0.00^C	60 ± 0.09^a	14 ± 0.09^aC	11.2 ± 0.04^a	26 ± 1.43^aBC
	II	9.70 ± 0.10	30.4 ± 0.21^a	2127 ± 0.98^bC	1490 ± 0.21^bBC	100 ± 0.02^a	47 ± 0.07^bBC	20 ± 0.01^bAC	6.5 ± 0.02^b	52 ± 0.98^bBC
	III	9.83 ± 0.79	27.1 ± 0.12	1406 ± 1.64^cC	1360 ± 0.13^c	100 ± 0.08	63 ± 0.15^acC	11 ± 0.07^c	12.5 ± 0.03^abc	57 ± 1.53^bcC
	IV	9.31 ± 0.06	26.6 ± 0.32^b	1754 ± 1.16^dBC	1400 ± 0.16^d	114 ± 0.02^b	40 ± 0.34^bdC	8.8 ± 0.03^cdC	7.6 ± 0.09^bd	36 ± 2.44^dC
4	I	9.11 ± 0.50	28.7 ± 0.22	1591 ± 1.64^aD	1320 ± 0.07^aD	120 ± 0.05^aBD	64 ± 0.23^a	15.2 ± 0.08^aA	12 ± 0.05^a	36.4 ± 0.79^aD
	II	9.66 ± 0.13	28.1 ± 0.14	1821 ± 0.91^bD	1514 ± 0.02^bD	115 ± 0.04	38 ± 0.47^bD	21 ± 0.05^bBD	4 ± 0.00^bC	52 ± 2.43^bD
	III	9.77 ± 0.13	29.0 ± 0.91	1822 ± 2.12^bcBD	1510 ± 0.43^c	115 ± 0.03	72 ± 0.13^cD	12 ± 0.03^c	14 ± 0.14^ac	84 ± 1.54^cBD
	IV	9.19 ± 52	26.6 ± 0.11	1820 ± 1.23^bcdD	1482 ± 0.32^ad	119 ± 0.06^b	32 ± 0.32^dD	8 ± 0.02^dCD	5.8 ± 0.05^bd	36 ± 1.43^adCD

		Nitrate (mg/l)	Do (mg/L)	Saturation (%)	Transparency (cm)	TDS (mg/L)	Salinity (ppt)	Turbidity (A)	Chll A
1	I	1.6 ± 0.02	7.47 ± 1.11	106.4 ± 2.33^aA	40 ± 0.71^aA	713 ± 4.23^aA	0.93 ± 0.01	42.5 ± 2.11^aA	206 ± 3.70^aA
	II	2.6 ± 0.01	7.29 ± 0.91	108.8 ± 3.22^abA	32 ± 0.92^bA	905 ± 3.76^bA	0.92 ± 0.02	33.9 ± 1.98^b	222.1 ± 3.15^b
	III	3.0 ± 0.01	7.01 ± 0.79	102.0 ± 1.99^c	12 ± 0.78^c	595 ± 5.10^c	0.60 ± 0.01^A	103.3 ± 1.43^c	350.7 ± 2.97^cA
	IV	4.8 ± 0.04	7.21 ± 1.08	102.6 ± 3.11^cdA	25 ± 1.33^dA	860 ± 3.89^d	0.86 ± 0.04	29.8 ± 2.33^d	156.6 ± 3.06^d
2	I	0.4 ± 0.06	7.85 ± 0.69	102.4 ± 2.76^aB	55 ± 0.44^a	692 ± 3.44^aB	0.91 ± 0.02	35.2 ± 2.05^aB	189 ± 2.79^aB
	II	2.8 ± 0.01	7.31 ± 0.88	106.0 ± 3.01^bB	60 ± 0.21^b	912 ± 4.32^bB	0.92 ± 0.21	29.2 ± 2.42^b	183.3 ± 2.88^b
	III	1.8 ± 0.04	7.51 ± 1.32	105.1 ± 2.65^bc	24 ± 0.14^c	895 ± 3.76^c	0.90 ± 0.08^B	34.0 ± 1.87^ac	259.7 ± 3.16^cB
	IV	3.1 ± 0.01	6.83 ± 1.08	96.6 ± 3.66^dAB	50 ± 0.32d^B	852 ± 2.77^d	0.86 ± 0.04	27.4 ± 2.02^bd	142.3 ± 1.97^d
3	I	1.7 ± 0.05a	7.76 ± 0.22	114.3 ± 4.09^aC	46 ± 0.23^aB	716 ± 3.26^aC	0.92 ± 0.10	41.9 ± 1.77^aAC	179 ± 2.87^aC
	II	3.3 ± 0.07ad	7.88 ± 0.98	117.1 ± 1.44^bC	29 ± 0.09^bB	924 ± 3.65^bC	0.93 ± 0.06	30.1 ± 2.31^b	157.6 ± 2.72^b
	III	4.0 ± 0.06ad	6.98 ± 1.33	100.0 ± 4.11^c	14 ± 0.21^c	664 ± 4.33c	0.66 ± 0.14^C	60.0 ± 1.97^BC	286.7 ± 3.11^cC
	IV	4.5 ± 0.00d	6.83 ± 1.45	96.9 ± 2.32^AdC	35 ± 0.11d^AC	852 ± 3.22^d	0.86 ± 0.05	25.59 ± 2.03^d	124.3 ± 2.18^d
4	I	1.4 ± 0.02	8.33 ± 0.92^a	122.4 ± 1.44^aD	40 ± 0.78^aACD	902 ± 3.11^aD	0.91 ± 0.06	38.61 ± 2.17^aD	232.7 ± 3.21^aD
	II	3.1 ± 0.03	8.86 ± 0.77a^b	132.7 ± 2.22^bD	32 ± 0.72^bAD	918 ± 4.13^bD	0.92 ± 0.07	36.0 ± 1.75^b	235 ± 2.99^ab
	III	3.2 ± 0.01	5.96 ± 1.04a^c	93.7 ± 3.09^c	17 ± 0.32^c	787 ± 3.54^c	0.80 ± 0.12^AD	62.0 ± 1.05^cD	370.1 ± 3.63^cD
	IV	3.9 ± 0.05	5.24 ± 0.85^cd	74.5 ± 2.20^dD	20 ± 0.21^dACD	868 ± 3.47^d	0.87 ± 0.09	26.9 ± 1.44^d	138.6 ± 1.67^d

Physicochemical variables represented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation.

a, b, c, d Means within a column followed by the same superscripts are not significantly different among the sampling sites.

A, B, C, D Means within a column followed by the same superscripts are not significantly different among the sampling seasons.

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